Sunday, June 5, 2011

RUMUS INTEGRAL


Mencari nilai integral

Substitusi

Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari: \int \frac{ln x}{x}\,dx\,
t = \ln x, dt = \frac{dx}{x}
\int \frac{ln x}{x}\,dx\, = \int t\,dt
= \frac {1}{2} t^2 + C
= \frac {1}{2} ln^2x + C

Integrasi parsial

Integral parsial menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:
\int f'(x)g(x)\,dx = f(x)g(x) - \int f(x)g'(x)\,dx
Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari: \int \ln x \,dx\,
f'(x) = 1, f(x) = x, g(x) = ln x, g'(x) = \frac{1}{x}\,
Gunakan rumus di atas
\int \ln x\ dx = x ln x - \int x\frac{1}{x}\,dx\,
= x ln x - \int 1\,dx\,
= x ln x - x + C\,

Substitusi trigonometri

Bentuk Gunakan
\sqrt{a^2-b^2x^2}\, x = \frac{a}{b}\sin \alpha\,
\sqrt{a^2+b^2x^2}\, \!\, x = \frac{a}{b}\tan \alpha\,
\sqrt{b^2x^2-a^2}\, \, x = \frac{a}{b}\sec \alpha\,
Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari: \int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}}\,
x = 2 \tan A, dx = 2 \sec^2 A\,dA\,
\int \frac{dx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+4}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{(2 tan A)^2\sqrt{4 + (2 tan A)^2}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A\sqrt{4 + 4 tan^2A}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A\sqrt{4(1+tan^2A)}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A\sqrt{4 sec^2A}}\,
= \int \frac {2 sec^2 A\,dA}{4 tan^2A.2sec A}\,
= \int \frac {sec A\,dA}{4 tan^2A}\,
= \frac {1}{4}\int \frac {secA\,dA}{tan^2A}\,
= \frac {1}{4}\int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\,
Cari nilai dari: \int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\, dengan menggunakan substitusi
t = sin A, dt = cos A\,dA\,
\int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\,
= \int \frac{dt}{t^2}\,
= \int t^{-2}\,dt\,
= -t^{-1} + C= -\frac{1}{sin A} + C\,
Masukkan nilai tersebut:
= \frac {1}{4}\int \frac{cos A}{sin^2A}\,dA\,
= \frac {1}{4}.-\frac{1}{sin A} + C\,
= -\frac {1}{4 sin A} + C\,
Nilai sin A adalah \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+4}}
= -\frac {1}{4 sin A} + C\,
= -\frac {\sqrt{x^2+4}}{4x} + C\,

Integrasi pecahan parsial

Contoh soal:
Cari nilai dari: \int\frac{dx}{x^2-4}\,
\frac{1}{x^2-4} = \frac{A}{x+2} + \frac{B}{x-2}\,
= \frac {A(x-2) + B(x+2)}{x^2-4}\,
= \frac{Ax-2A+Bx+2B}{x^2-4}\,
=\frac{(A+B)x-2(A-B)}{x^2-4}\,
Akan diperoleh dua persamaan yaitu A+B = 0\, dan A-B = -\frac{1}{2}
Dengan menyelesaikan kedua persamaan akan diperoleh hasil A = -\frac{1}{4}, B = \frac{1}{4}\,
\int\frac{dx}{x^2-4}\,
= \frac{1}{4} \int (\frac{1}{x-2} - \frac {1}{x+2})\,dx\,
= \frac{1}{4} (ln|x-2| - ln|x+2|) + C\,
= \frac{1}{4} ln|\frac{x-2}{x+2}| + C\,

Rumus integrasi dasar

Umum

\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C\,(n ≠ -1)
\int\frac{d}{dx}[f(x)]\,dx = f(x) + C\,
\int(u+v)\,dx = \int u \,dx + \int v \,dx\,
\int au\,dx = a \int u\, dx\,(a adalah konstanta)
\int \frac{dx}{x} = ln |x| + C\,
\int a^x \,dx = \frac{a^x}{ln a} + C\,(a > 0, a ≠ 1)
\int \frac{dx}{x} = ln |x| + C

Bilangan natural

\int e^u du= e^u + C\,

Logaritma

\int \log_b(x) \,dx = x \log_b(x) - \frac{x}{\ln(b)} + C = x \log_b \left(\frac{x}{e}\right) + C

Trigonometri

\int\sin x\,dx = -\cos x + C\,
\int\cos x\,dx = \sin x + C\,
\int\tan x\,dx = \ln |\sec x| + C\,
\int\cot x\,dx = \ln |\sin x| + C\,
\int\sec x\,dx = \ln |\sec x + \tan x| + C\,
\int\csc x\,dx = \ln |\csc x - \cot x| + C\,
\int\sec^2 x\,dx = \tan x + C\,
\int\csc^2 x\,dx = - \cot x + C\,
\int\sec x\tan x\,dx = \sec x + C\,
\int\csc x\cot x\,dx = -\csc x + C\,
Posted by Aulia_Wajuanna at 2:11 AM
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